If you’ve ever had a Pap smear or are due for one, you might have some questions or concerns—does it hurt? Could it cause long-term damage? Is it really necessary? Recently, a viral video claimed that one should never get a Pap smear done because it can cause damage to the cervix. But is that true or just a myth? We reached out to Dr. Renuka Borisa, Consultant, Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Navi Mumbai, and Dr. Pooja Mehta, Clinical Director, Obstetrics and Gynecology at Marengo Asia Hospitals, Gurugram, to clear up the confusion.

Can a Pap Smear Cause Long-Term Damage to the Cervix?

Both experts confirm that a Pap smear does not cause long-term harm to the cervix. Dr. Borisa explains that the procedure simply involves gently scraping a few cells from the cervix for examination. This process does not result in scarring or permanent injury. Dr. Mehta adds that while a routine Pap smear is minimally invasive, if a biopsy is performed as part of the process, there is a slight risk of bleeding or infection. However, these occurrences are rare.

Potential Side Effects of a Pap Smear

Most women report experiencing little to no discomfort during a Pap smear. However, there are some mild side effects that can occur, such as:

• Light spotting or bleeding
• Temporary cramping
• Mild discomfort during the procedure

Dr. Mehta reassures that these effects are typically short-lived and should subside within a few hours or by the end of the day.

Is Bleeding or Discomfort Normal After a Pap Smear?

Yes, minor bleeding or spotting is common, especially if the cervix is tender. Some women may also experience slight cramping, but this should pass within a few hours. Dr. Borisa advises that if heavy bleeding or severe pain occurs, it’s important to seek medical attention to rule out any complications.

Conditions That Can Make the Cervix More Sensitive to Pap Smears

Certain conditions may make the cervix more sensitive during a Pap smear, including:

• Cervical infections (e.g., HPV, yeast infections, or STIs)
• Cervicitis (inflammation of the cervix)
• Recent childbirth or cervical surgery
• Hormonal changes (especially during pregnancy or menopause)

Dr. Mehta explains that in such cases, women may experience more discomfort or bleeding than usual during the procedure.

Can a Pap Smear Increase the Risk of Cervical Infections?

Both experts agree that a Pap smear does not cause infections. Dr. Borisa explains that when performed in a sterile environment, the risk of infection is negligible. However, Dr. Mehta notes that if an existing infection is present or hygiene is not properly maintained, bacteria could potentially be introduced to the cervix.

Alternatives to Pap Smears for Cervical Cancer Screening

While Pap smears are an essential part of cervical cancer screening, there are alternative methods that can be used as well:

• HPV Test: Detects high-risk HPV strains that can lead to cervical cancer.
• Co-Testing: Combines both a Pap smear and an HPV test for greater accuracy.
• Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA): A method often used in low-resource settings.
• Self-Sampling HPV Tests: Allow women to collect samples at home, making screening more accessible, especially for those with barriers to clinical visits.

Dr. Mehta highlights that self-sampling HPV tests are effective and convenient, particularly for women who may face challenges attending clinical screenings.

When to Seek Medical Attention After a Pap Smear

If you experience heavy bleeding, severe pain, or prolonged discomfort lasting more than two days after the procedure, it’s important to consult a doctor. Dr. Borisa warns that these symptoms could indicate an infection or cervical injury that requires medical evaluation.

Pap smears are a safe and effective tool for the early detection of cervical cancer. While minor side effects like spotting and discomfort are normal, they do not cause long-term damage. If you’re experiencing unusual symptoms or if you have concerns about the procedure, it’s essential to speak with your doctor. Pap smears continue to play a vital role in protecting women’s health, and with appropriate care, they are a critical part of routine healthcare.