Stomach cancer or gastric cancer can be said in simpler terms, is a multifaceted ailment and it is not just a simple medical gobbledygook of a word. It is a disease that one should be educated about. It is fundamentally important to know the types of gastric cancers and their particularities so that patients, caregivers, and at-risk people can do something to help themselves. Seeking treatment early can prevent or alleviate some of the adverse effects and help people cope with this difficult diagnosis. We consult with Dr Sajjan Rajpurohit, Senior Director, Medical Oncology, BLK-Max Super Speciality Hospital on what are the types of stomach cancer and how does one go about it.

Adenocarcinoma

It is the most prevalent gastric malignancy that is caused by carcinoma of the glandular type which arises from the stomach lining which secretes the mucus and the digestive juices.

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This category constitutes 90-95% of tumors of gastric malignancies and they develop in a background of chronic conditions such as H. pylori that has been infected, smoking as well as diets that are high in salted and smoked foods. Such patients typically have vagueness such as indigestion, nausea weight loss, and even early satiety among others which may defer most diagnoses. Individuals who fall under the high-risk category should be subjected to constant screening on a  timelapse basis so that the optimum outcome from treatment can be achieved early enough before it is too late.

Lymphoma

Stomach lymphoma is a cancer that mostly geh en subset of tumors that arise from the lymphatic tissues associated with the stomach. The most common of its subtypes is mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, or MALT lymphoma.

What To Expect:

People suffering from this kind of cancer develop induration as well as steady loss of body weight due to swelling around the stomach along with cough as well as fatigue signs because of muscle teaton to H. pylori strains. The early detection of the disease is really important since some types of the patient's condition can respond very well to antibiotics that suppress HP, and this can avoid invasive procedures from being done.

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour (GISTs)

GIST is a rare epithelial spindle cell tumor that originates from interstitial cells of cajal which mainly function in the facilitating movement of food in the gastrointestinal tract.

Things To Keep in Mind.

GISTs are asociated with mutations occurring in KIT or PDGFRA genes. Signs like gastrointestinal bleeding, anaemia, and abdominal pain can also occur but are more often than not considered as incidental occurrences. Other targeted medication, for example imatinib, are administered to stop the growth of the tumor. However, surgery might be needed for mid-to large sized tumors. To handle the disease properly and turn it around the best case scenario is to spot it as soon as possible - That includes it being able to be treated in a timely manner.

Carcinoid Tumours

Carcinoid tumors have also been called neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), as they arise from hormone secreting cells found in the stomach with an underlying neoplasm, harnessing a tendency for slow growth.

Essential Things To Keep in Mind:

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and chronic atrophic gastritis are two of the more complex syndromes that are often associated with these tumours. These particular tumours tend to affect people in a specific way among them include abdominal pain, flushing, diarrhea or none at all. If the tumours are confined to specific areas, surgery may help but in more severe cases hormone therapy or targeted medication may be required. Other areas may need careful follow-up and supervision to reduce the risk of further growth.

As Dr. Rajpurohit explains early detection of the cancer could affect the way that it is treated and therefore each type of cancer is different within their symptoms and risk factors. “There are also other reasons why early detection is beneficial. It increases survival rates while also making the treatment cause less damage and stress to the patient,” he clarifies.