New Delhi: Breast cancer diagnoses and deaths are projected to rise worldwide in the coming decades, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Experts attribute this alarming trend to aging populations, lifestyle changes, and inadequate access to healthcare services. These factors are expected to cause a significant surge in cases by 2050, as highlighted in a recent study published in the journal Nature Medicine.

In 2022 alone, around 2.3 million women globally were diagnosed with breast cancer, making it one of the most common forms of cancer. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) also estimates that 670,000 people are likely to die from breast cancer, emphasizing the urgent need for preventive measures.

WHO Findings and the Indian Context

According to WHO, one in 20 women is expected to be diagnosed with breast cancer at least once in their lifetime. Their study predicts that over the next 25 years, breast cancer cases could increase by 38%, while deaths may surge by 68%. If the current trend continues, by 2050, there could be 3.2 million new cases and 1.1 million deaths worldwide.

Low- and middle-income countries are expected to be the most affected, as limited access to screening, diagnosis, and treatment remains a major challenge.

Breast Cancer in India: A Growing Concern

In India, breast cancer cases are steadily increasing, and the statistics are troubling:

One woman is diagnosed with breast cancer every four minutes
One patient dies from breast cancer every eight minutes
For every two women diagnosed, one does not survive
In 2024, an estimated 310,720 invasive breast cancer cases were reported in India
16% of these cases occurred in women under 50 years

Despite not being linked to any specific demographic, breast cancer rates are highest in Western and Northern Europe, as well as North America. In low- and middle-income countries like India, lack of awareness, screening programs, and access to treatment makes the disease even deadlier. Oncologists worldwide are pushing for better cancer detection, awareness campaigns, and accessible treatment to tackle this issue.

Why is Breast Cancer Increasing?

Several lifestyle, hormonal, and environmental factors are driving the rise in breast cancer cases.

1. Lifestyle Changes

Delayed childbearing and lower birth rates impact hormone levels, increasing risk.
Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle contribute to higher estrogen production, a known cancer risk.
High consumption of processed foods, red meat, and sugary drinks can elevate cancer risk.
Alcohol consumption and smoking have become more common among women, both of which are established risk factors for breast cancer.

2. Hormonal and Reproductive Factors

Early menstruation (menarche) and late menopause lead to prolonged estrogen exposure, increasing cancer risk.
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), often used to treat menopause symptoms, is also linked to an increased risk of breast cancer.

3. Environmental and Pollutant Exposure

Endocrine disruptors, found in plastics, cosmetics, and pesticides, can mimic hormones and potentially trigger cancer.
Air pollution and exposure to harmful chemicals may also contribute to the rise in breast cancer cases.

The Way Forward: Prevention and Awareness

Dr. Mithee Bhanot, a senior gynecologist from Apollo Hospitals, Noida, emphasizes the importance of raising awareness and prioritizing screening tests to detect breast cancer at an early stage.

Steps to Reduce Breast Cancer Risk

Regular Breast Cancer Screenings: Early detection can significantly improve survival rates.
Healthy Diet and Lifestyle: Reducing processed food intake and maintaining an active lifestyle is key.
Limiting Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption: Reducing exposure to known carcinogens helps lower risk.
Hormone Regulation: Avoiding unnecessary use of HRT and being mindful of hormonal changes.
Environmental Caution: Limiting exposure to harmful chemicals and pollutants.

Breast cancer is one of the most treatable cancers if detected early. However, lack of awareness and access to medical care remain major obstacles in many parts of the world, including India. Promoting regular check-ups, educating women on self-examinations, and advocating for policy changes in healthcare can help combat this rising crisis.

With proactive measures, millions of lives can be saved from this growing health threat.